CONTAM94 is an easily used, public domain airflow and contaminant migration analysis program.combining algorithms for modeling airflow and contaminant dispersal in multizone buildings. Itemploys a simplified graphic description of the building for both data entry and the presentation of simulation results. It runs on commonly available 4861 X class PC compatible computers with VGA graphics and MS-DOS. It can handle buildings containing a large number of zones.
"Bioclimatic Architecture" offers adequate inner thermal comfort for human use, while, responding to the climatic outdoor conditions with reduced heating and cooling loads. This demand. asks for prediction. and preevaluation of thermal performance of architectural design. solutions. The new German building-regulation sets legal limits to precalculated, yearly heating-loads / m2, considering solar gains through transparent building elernents.
This paper presents; the evaluation, of the impact of a CO2-based DCV system, which was performed bycomputer simulation. A subroutine was developed, and then integrated, using the Functional Values feature, within a model of a large existing office building, which was developed using the MICRO-DOE2 software, version E. Since the CO2-based DCV system has to be integrated with a conventional control system, which maintains the desired mixing air temperature, the impact on the indoor air quality and the energy performance of the building depends on the type of conventional control.
Three energy analysis programs (BESA-Desian, PC-BLAST and MICRO-DOE2. 1 D) were used by threeresearchers to evaluate the energy and cost savings in a larae existing office building located in Montreal. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to test the programs' capabilities to predict the energy performance of an existing large commercial building, using information normally available to an energy consultant, that is without additional and expensive monitoring, and (2) to test the programs' capabilities to evaluate the impact of several energy efficientmeasures.
Even at the beginning of the concept and planning phase for low energy buildings co-operation between architect and different engineers is, mandatory. In particular, the climate engineer supports the architect by developing an energy concept for a building. Thus, even in the design phase this new discipline of engineering makes sure that the influences of the climate, of an active or passive use of solar radiation, of zoning and all aspects concerning the thermal behaviour of a building are taken into account.
A new approach for computer-aided thermal analysis of buildings is presented. It is based on an electronic book "Building Thermal Analysis" which operates in a mathematical programmingenvironment (Mathcad). It consists of a set of independent files covering various topics ofbuilding thermal analysis linked together with a hypertext system. Each file integrates "live"equations (the "program "), explanatory text and figures, as well as graphs linked dynamically toequations and data.
This paper presents some results of the development and application work of the Building Equipmentsection at EMPA related to integrated building and HVAC simulation environments. Routines for thermal comfort evaluations with DOE2 are developed and COMVEN, the simulation code of the COMIS multizone air flow program, has been adapted as a type for TRNSYS. The application potential. for this coupling is demonstrated for a retrofit study of a school building, naturally ventilated through a glazed double facade.
New software (BASECALCTM) has been created for modelling heat losses from residential basements and slabs-on-grade. A menu driven interface allows the user to quickly and efficiently describe how the basement or stab-on-grade is constructed, where insulation is placed, what type of insulation is used, and to select ground properties and weather. BASECALCTMthen performs a series of detailed finite-element calculations before presenting succinct, easy-to-read results to the user.
Comprehensive studies of the energy saving potential for buildings will often not be performed in a design phase - especially not for renovation projects. There may be several reasons; for that but it may often be related to the amount of time needed to create models of the buildings and plants. The paper describes a method for auto-generation of complex simulation models for existing, documented and validated simulation programs. An automatic model generator has been developed for Danish conditions and programs.
Analytical solutions to the heat flow equation in a dynamic insulation is presented. A numerical least:squares method, called the gradient method, to estimate the steady state and transient air flow through a dynamic insulation is presented. The method was applied to measurements from a house with dynamicinsulation in the ceiling. The analysis showed that 40% of the total inlet air passed through the insulation. The measured energy efficiency was very similar to the calculated one.
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