The model demonstration house described in this paper was designed to optimize occupant health by minimizing indoor air pollution. This was accomplished by the use of three primary principles: ELIMINATION, SEPARATION, AND VENm.ATION.1 Pollutant source strength reduction has come to be regarded as the most effective method of reducing indoor pollution. This is often easily achieved by ELIMINATING potentially polluting materials wherever possible, and using more benign low outgassing materials instead.
Commission, the UN commission for development and the environment, has recommended a great effort on more efficient energy use, so drastic that the industrial countries would half their use of energy. Already today, it is possible to reduce the energy use in buildings with the help of known and economical technology. The technical committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal insulation, of the International Organization for Standardization, ISO, has produced some of the tools we need in order to determine the energy flows in buildings.
The energy efficiency of multi residential buildings in Canada has not kept pace with energy efficiency improvements in other commercial building sectors. Energy efficiency is subordinated to a dedication to reduce first cost of buildings in this sector. Lower first cost and energy efficiency are not mutually exclusive, however, building designers will have to learn to work together to achieve optimum results. The current practice and energy use of new buildings are reviewed in this paper.
In Sweden there are close to 500000 one-family houses heated by electric baseboard heaters. Of them 90 % were built before 1980. In this group the most common ventilation system is natural ventilation. Half of all houses 'with electric baseboard heaters were built between 1971 and 1980. The Swedish Council for Building Research has been asked by the Swedish government to carry out a program concerning the efficient use of electricity in buildings.
Two super insulated houses were built according to the Canadian R-2000 construction manual, in Sendai, Japan. The purpose of the construction is to clarify how much space heating energy is saved in a mild climate, and whether there are any problems related to indoor air quality and humidity in the winter and the thermal indoor environment during the summer, compared with an ordinary frame-construction house. This paper describes the measurement results of indoor temperature, humidity and indoor air quality for the winter and summer seasons, and annual energy consumption
As part of the energy and indoor climate survey recently carried out in Sweden (the ELIE study) a simple, inexpensive but reliable passive sampler for estimating monthly averages of relative humidity has been developed. The diffusion sampler consists of a 5 ml plastic tube prepared with lithium chloride monohydrate as trapping medium. After necessary calibration of this particular design of sampler the relative humidity can be calculated from the weight change of the sampler, the time of sampling and the average temperature during this period.
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