All buildings, depending on their design and particularly on how they are vented, are polluted to some extent with radon. Radon and its daughters may be trapped within buildings and accumulate there, thus threatening the health of their dwellers. Radon is an inert radioactive gas whose emanation into the building can mostly come from the underlying soil and from the building materials. The unhealthy buildings risk starts to act with tendency of saving energy and the related limitation of room ventilation to minimum.
The effect on ventilation effectiveness parameters of the recirculation of air is investigated. The results of work with respect to air change effectiveness parameters is explained and extended to the effect of recirculation on the contaminant removal effectiveness parameter of local air quality index. It is demonstrated, first with respect to a simple system with one supply and exhaust and then by extension to a system with multiple exhausts, that it is possible to calculate the effect of recirculation by means of a simple algebraic expression.
54 fume hoods in three laboratory buildings in Norway were tested for containment using two tracer methods based on European and American standards, in addition to face velocity measurements. In the first method, an abridged version of Nordtest VVS 095, tracer gas was measured at one point in the sash opening, in front of a mannequin placed at the fume hood with a sash height of 30 cm. In the second method, based on ASHRAE 110-1995, tracer was measured in the breathing zone of the mannequin for a 67 cm sash height.
Features of natural wind and artificial airflow are related to human thermal sensation. Based on the existing records of natural wind and artificial air movement, their turbulent intensity of velocity fluctuation, energy spectra. probability distribution of velocity are compared and analyzed.
A currently unresolved problem in building design is the paradox between increasing demand for good thermal insulation, and the requirement for ample levels of ventilation, to maintain a healthy indoor environment. A possible solution to this problem is a supply air 'ventilated' window. This utilises an airflow between panes to pre-heat ventilation air to the building, and to reduce thermal convection losses, thus reducing the window Ue-Value.
Indoor environment required for kitchens in a big hotel in Hong Kong wa described. Local regulations and design guides for ventilation systems in kitchen including exhausts were briefly reviewed. In addition, effluents from cooking were discussed. Environmental parameters including air temperature, air speed and relative humidity in U1e kitchen of a coffee shop in n horel were studied. Better ventilation designs for the kitchens are proposed. Further, immediate actions to be taken are recommended.
One of the significant factors affecting the quality of air in the built environment, particularly in the context of hot humid climates, is the design and implementation of the air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation system. While most building regulations would incorporate minimum ventilation requirements al design, it is often difficult to quantitatively measure the adequacy of such ventilation provision in insitu buildings.
The objective of this project was to provide cool working conditions for a small number of Customs Department staff in a turn-of-the-century heritage building in Town ville at 19° S latitude. A ducted air conditioning system was initially proposed but rejected as it would have been incongruent with the Victorian elegance of the space, as well as its high cost. As the working area in the three storey high space was surrounded by ornate timber counter and partitions, a scheme was developed using fan coil direct expansion units. These were located behind the counter to the public space.
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