In order to explain the effect of ventilation systems and airtight performance of houses in detached houses, the investigation was made on a simulation program which calculates the ventilation rates and indoor air quality. The ventilation rates and the concentrations of CO2 , CO and formaldehyde in general Japanese houses with three kinds of ventilation systems were calculated through a year in three cities of Japan. The results of the simulation showed a case in which the concentrations of the pollutants are not acceptable.

This paper introduces a method to simulate the day-light performance of buildings using geostational me- teorological satellite images. A new statistical method enables to estimate global and direct solar irradiance values at hourly intervals by the pixel values of satel- lites images. Luminous efficiency functions convert the global and direct irradiance values into diffuse and direct daylight illuminance values. The daylight source model is combined with a daylight calculation program to calculate spatial and temporal distributions of illu- minance and luminance.

Simulation  of  cleaning  is  a  new  area  in  building simulations. To make rational cleaning is it important to know how difficult it is to clean rooms. I define a Cleaning Index (CI) as the cleaning area divided by the floor area. High CI is difficult to clean. A simulation program CIX calculates the CI based on an object-oriented 3D model of a room in the VRML-format. The program will find all horizontal surfaces, where the dust can settle. The result is presented in graphical form or in tables. Use of the method is shown for a  classroom  and  two  offices.

The purpose of this study is to develop the technique that mixing energy loss is predicted at the time of the air conditioning system design by the simulation. If air conditioning load, which contains mixing energy loss, can be calculated easily at the time of air conditioning system design, we can design most suitable air conditioning system which mixing energy loss doesn't occur in. In this paper we would like to examine simulation macro model which  has following characteristics.

An  integrated  simulation  system  for  the  building services design and facilities management purposes is being developed by Olof Granlund Oy. The system covers the thermal  simulation needs of the whole building life cycle from the preliminary design to renovations. The main components of the simulation system are simulation database, result module, calculation engine, which are all built in to a user interface RIUSKA, and building geometry modeller, SMOG. The building geometry modeller generates a 3-D surface model of the building and has IFC 1.5 import/export capabilities.

A  method  for  evaluating  solar  rights  and  shading requirements in an urban environment is presented. The method is embedded in a CAD tool developed and adapted for this purpose. With this tool, one can analyze the mutual shading between buildings and other objects like trees. The purpose of this CAD tool is to allow the designer to plan efficiently the various functions of spaces among different structures, like buildings, as well as determining the location of the passive and active solar collectors.

Design of air conditioning systems for efficient and effective part-load operation poses a considerable challenge, but one which is  frequently  not appreciated by the designer tied to traditional design practices. A plant simulation programme used in conjunction with a load calculation programme to assess rapidly the impact of equipment selection and control strategies on plant performance is described with the aid of an example.

This article presents the SIM-FAST software : it is a tool which allows to evaluate the energy consumption and the financial cost of French buildings in the Residential sector. Thanks to the limited number of parameters which must be entered to describe the building, it provides rapid appraisals in less than one hour. It provides global results in terms of both energy consumption and financial cost as well as time-based change of temperatures and flux.  It  operates  under  Windows 95 with 12MB RAM.

A new calculation method is proposed for designing space radiant heating/cooling systems by improving conventional methods of steady and unsteady heat transfer calculation theory which has usually been used for designing of buried pipe floor heating systems. On the new method to calculate room thermal load in radiant heating/cooling system, an operative temperature surrounding occupants are used as system control parameter instead of a space air temperature. Theoretical algorithms and calculation examples are described.

This paper proposes useful techniques of regression analysis to estimate regional water temperatures for the optimum design of the hot water supply system. First yearly trends of changing air temperatures and water temperatures are surveyed about Sapporo, Sendai, Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and Kochi, which are typical cities with enough data to analysis from 1991 to 1994. Second three types of the explanatory variable of the regression model are examined: (a) the air temperature on that day, (b) the air temperature 1 or 2 days before and (c) the mean air temperature in a few days of the pasts.