In the previous issue of this Newsletter, the THERMIE Programme was presented through an interview with Mr Sampaio Nunes, Director of Energy Technology at the EC's DG XVII. In order to illustrate the Programme, this issue's subject is focused on the presentation of actual projects: six new so-called Targeted Projects have indeed been approved for THERMIE support in the Building sector after the 1995 and 1996 calls, and are now getting up to speed.

There is a substantial gap between truly energy-efficient construction and what is currently being built. The problems range from lack of training to carelessness. But there are ways to cure the problems and bring best practices into widespread use.             

 The trend towards natural ventilation and low energy cooling systems is affecting the ways in which engineers design and operate heating systems in low energy buildings             

The new headquarters of the Commerzbank in Frankfurt - the tallest office building in Europe - has proved one thing conclusively: it is possible to build a vast high rise in the middle of a busy city and use passive techniques to control its internal environment

NatVent™ is a seven nation pan-European project which aims to reduce primary energy consumption (and consequently C02 emissions) in buildings by providing solutions to barriers which prevent the uptake of natural ventilation and low-energy cooling in countries with moderate and cold climates. It also aims to encourage and accelerate the use of natural ventilation and 'smart' controls as the main design option in new-designs and major refurbishments of office-type buildings.

The paper is structured in four sections. The introduction sets the notion of solar control as a fundamental issue in deciding the priorities of climate-responsive design for different building types and locations in Europe. The second section presents an overview of application contexts and means of solar control, and discusses design priorities and threshold conditions for different space functions and environmental design requirements.