The RAGENA model of radon takes into account all the parameters and processes affecting radon levels (in the source, its transport, its entry into a dwelling and its accumulation indoors).The model has been tested in a mediterranean house. The results given by the model are similar to the ones obtained experimentally.
The aim of this study was to test the following hypthesis : in schools, bacterial markers may be increased in indoor air because of the presence of children.Dust samples were collected from the school rooms when occupied but also when unoccupied during the week-end. Results have been analysed and the conclusion is that in unoccupied rooms the airborne dust is of environmental origin, whereas the increase level of dust in occupied rooms is due to the children presence.
This study was carried out in nearly two hundred multi-family buildings, built before 1961, in Stockholm. Three thousand inhabitants answered first a questionnaire on symptoms and personal factors. In parallel energy saving measures and building characteristics were gathered. It appeared that major reconstruction of the interior were associated with an increase of some symptoms.
This paper is a sum up of 32 epidemiological studies (mainly concerning children) having a link between indoor pollutions and respiratory diseases. Data issued from questionnaires and data from environmental measurements from these studies are compared and analysed.
Associations between different characteristics of the dwellings and respiratory symptoms are found. On the other hand, for factors like sociodemographic environment, heating and cooking installations, the impact on respiratory health is inconstant.
Five methods of sampling lead dust where tested for that study in 33 New Jersey homes of children with blood problems.Samples were collected on the carpets of the different homes. Among the five sampling methods used then compared (wipe, adhesive label, C18 sheet, vacuum, hand rinse) the first one appeared the most appropriate for measuring lead from carpets for exposure assessment, and vacuum the most recommended for collecting information on total lead accumulation.
This paper is the second part of a study on indoor emission sources models : this part is the compilation and review of 48 methods for parameter estimation.For an useful valid model, estimation of the different parameters of a model must be easy. But the development of methods for parameters estimation is often left for only the development of model, and these models are then not used after their publication.
This paper is the first part of a study on indoor emission sources models : 52 models of recent years are overviewed, each one is presented, with its validity, usefulness, limitation and flaw if necessary.
Scientific tools are used to get insights into the processes that affect the exposure assessment : these are the exposure models. This paper aims at reviewing the process and methodology of estimating inhalation exposure to particulate matter (PM) using various types of models.Indirect type, direct type and stochastical models are discussed in this paper.
This paper is a review of the techniques and equipment used during the last 20 years, to monitor Particulate Matter personal exposures, microenvironment concentrations and the constituants of sampled particulate matter.
The inhabitants of Central Europe spend more of their time indoors. And indoor pollutants often affect human health more than the outdoor pollutants. This study aims at analysing how the indoor size distributions of submicron and ultrafine particles depends on outdoor distributions.
In the absence of indoor sources, concentrations of particulates are lower than in outdoor concentrations.