Fine particles (4 -700 nm), odour and VOC emissions before and after the used supply airfilters were studied in a ventilation unit. The pre-filter (G3) did not collect fine particles at thetest conditions, but acted as a source of particles 50-300 nm in size. The F7 fine filter, locatedafter the pre-filter, collected quite effectively even the finest particles. Sensory evaluationshowed that intensity of odour was highest after the F7 fine filter.

That study carried out particle transport measurements for full-scale timber frame structure similar to a wooden floor. The penetration is highly dependent on pressure difference and not on holes in the surface boards of the structure. The results showed that surface contacts of mineral wool with other building elements may have an important role in penetration.

The aim of that study was to find out if a potential air flow from crawl space has an influence on the indoor air quality : is there a potential risk for the first floor apartments ? A balanced ventilation system is recommended.

The aim of that study was to find out if heating is the alternative for crawl space moisture control with a reasonable low energy consumption. Using a ground cover without thermal insulation and heating of the crawl space proved to be a good alternative method to control mold growth.

The aims of that study were to find out how the thermal capacity, resistance, and the placement of insulation layers affect relative humidity in crawl spaces. The results show that there are two alternative ways to use ground covers in combination with air change to achieve acceptable conditions in crawl spaces.

The aims of that study were on the one hand to find out how relative humidity can be reduced by optimal selection of ground covers and air change rates, and on the other hand to evaluate the acceptability of achieved moisture conditions by means of mould growth analyses. Two buildings (one relatively warm and the other relatively cold) were studied with the resistance-capacity network model. Simulations of thermal and moisture buffering effects of air change rates and various ground covers were made.

This paper describes the smoke control aspects of twonaturally ventilated high-rise office buildings with operable windows. One utilizes its operable windows in conjunction with an HVAC system to provide tenants with fresh air. The other utilizes a series of automatically controlled windows and
vents in conjunction with tenant-controlled windows to provide ventilation. Both buildings, located in San Francisco, were designed under the Uniform Building Code.

This paper demonstrates the technical considerations that are important to understanding the energy-saving potential of encouraging the use of brushless direct current (BDC) motors in residential air handlers. Energy savings estimates are provided, and the regulations that are already in place are explained. Some misperceptions about the testing and operation of residential furnaces and air conditioners are also covered. Using one set of parameters that assume typical cyclic

The life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is used in this paper to assess the environmental effects of air-handling units (AHU) over a 20-year life cycle. This assessment is based on quantifying the consumption of resources (energy and materials), the harmful emissions into the environment (air, water, and soil), and the potential changes in the environment (climate change, acidification, and ozone production).

This paper shows how air-to-air heat and energy system design problems can be formulated for a simple HVAC configuration and solved for the least life-cycle cost system while still retaining a small payback period. Mathematical expressions and design tables are presented to facilitate the design process. The design process is illustrated for the city of Chicago where both large heating and cooling loads occur in HVAC applications. The example design problem presented shows that