Tn this paper, using thc "SCTENCE vent"method for estimating the energy consumptionfor air conditioning in rcsidcntial buildings, wcevaluated the wind environment and theradiative conditions with respect to the targetbuildings in the case where the grossbuilding-to-land ratio was taken intoconsideration by altering the distance betweenindividual buildings. In addition, we examinedthe influence exerted by these parameters on theuse of air conditioning and the annual energyconsumption for air conditioning andillumination.

In residential district, it is difficult to setappropriate wind pressure coefficient for crossventilation design, because there are various andcomplex parameters that influence the windpressure. A simpler method to identify the windpressure coefficient is needed in general designprocess of the cross-ventilated space.In this paper, wind tunnel experiment withthe models in some residential district wasconducted, and the difference of wind pressurecoefficient (AC,) between two openings on thesupposed flow path is analyzed to evaluate thepotential for cross ventilation.

Recently, natural ventilation, which istraditional cooling method in Japan, hasbecome considered as the key method forcooling energy conservation. We have carriedout experiments to measure indoor thermalenvironment and cooling electric energyconsumption in experimental RC constructionapartment house by simulating occupants'life-style including thermal control with natural ventilation and air conditioner. And based on the experimental results, we estimated coolingelectric power consumption from July to September.

Traditional and modem natural ventilationtechniques have been integrated in a hybridsystem for a retrofitting of a public building inthe city of Mazara del Vallo (Ttaly). The hybridventilation and air cooling system integrates awind tower, an indirect evaporative heatexchanger, a ground cooling pipe network andventilated fagade. The first idea was to design apassive cooling system inspired to the typicalwind towers of the Middle East, being the areavery well ventilated.

This study was carried out systematically asfollows; at first, an investigation of grossbuilding-to-land ratio of real residential areawith GIs data was carried out. We obtained theresult that almost areas locate within the rangefrom 20 to 45%, and the average was 33%.From these results, reproduction-conditions ofbuilding-models in the wind tunnel experimentwere decided. Secondly, in these reproductionconditions,wind pressure coefficients ofresidential buildings were measured. Planshapesof target buildings were two kinds. Onewas rectangular plan wyth flat roof, gable roofand hipped roof.

designed "air-curtain chemical fume hood" arediagnosed by using the tracer gas concentrationdetection method. It is found that the air curtainproperly setup across the sash opening allowsalmost no sensible exchange of momentum andmass between the flowfields of the cabinet andthe outside environment. Standard SF6 tracergas concentration measurements following theANSIJASHRAE 11 0- 1995 standard and therigorous EN14175 protocol for both the staticand dynamic tests show extra-ordinarilysatisfactory hood performance. The leakage ofthe tracer gas can approach almost null (< 0.001ppm).

This paper describes the optimum HVACcontrol system that the simulation is executedusing the data of BEMS and the weatherforecasting, etc. The thermal characteristicssuch as heat load are calculated by thesimulation code TRNSYS with modeling thetargeted building, and many scenarios for thenext day are indicated in terms of energyconsumption, C02 generation rate, thermalcomfort and cost. After the operator has chosena scenario, the optimized operation schedule ofthe heat source is provided by the simulationcode GAMS.

Numerous studies and everyday experiencesprove the fact that even new buildings do notperform as expected. Dissatisfaction with theindoor air quality and thermal comfort iscommon and the energy performance is not onthe targeted level regardless of the newtechnologies utilized and advanced systemsinstalled. To avoid these Izinds of situationsquality assurance procedures known as BuildingCommissioning have been developed in manycountries and taken into the use especially inUSA.

Tokyo Electric Power Company R&D Center wascompleted in September 1994. The buildingsconstructed in Phase I (hereinafter just called "thebuildings") were conferred the 35th Annual Awardsby the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning, andSanitary Engineers of Japan (SHASE). The awardwas given to commend the 30% (approx.) energysavings attained by the adoption of the cold airdistribution system and various other techniques andtechnologies for energy conservation and operationmanagement.

Activated carbon filters have been used forpurification of air and water in industrialapplications. However these technologies have notbeen applied to the non-industrial builtenvironment in general and there is no standard toquantify or to classify the performance of thesesystems for in-duct mechanical systemapplication.