The CLIM 2000 software environment [1] was developed by the Electricity Applications in Buildings Branch of the French utility company, Electricité de France. This software which has been in operation since June 1989, allows the behavior of a whole buildi

This paper presents the results of the first part of a research project. The objective of the project is to solve accurately the heat balance on a single glass window in a moderate climate. This procedure will allow the designer to calculate the main parameters of a fenestration (surface, orientation, overhangs, etc.), minimising the energy consumption for a specific enclosure (including heating, air conditioning and lighting).

A municipality water reticulation R22 ground-coupled reversible heat pump, was investigated as an alternative to conventional air source systems. The investigation was conducted by developing analytical models that were used for the design of a ground-coupled reversible heat pump and a conventional, also reversible air-to-air system. The models were verified with a commercially available computer program as well as with measurements on the two systems.

Industry is only using 20% of the heat subtracted from fossil fuels. The other 80% is released to the surroundings leading to an increase in the global warming effect. In contrast to this, the output of a heat pump is always more than the input, it delivers up to 67% energy savings, has less pollution than conventional heating methods and has a smaller influence on the greenhouse effect because it delivers less carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than other heating methods. The performance of a heat pump is influenced by the properties of the refrigerant that is used.

The paper presents results of a simulation and laboratory study of the performance of a zeotropic mixture R-744/32/134a in a water-heating heat pump. The goal of the research was to obtain operating parameters comparable to a system charged with R-22. The performance of R-22 served as a reference for the ternary mixture studied. A semi-theoretical simulation model was used first to examine the influence of R-744 properties on the mixture performance and to determine the optimum mixture composition. The formulated mixture, R-744/32/134a (7/31/62) was then tested in a laboratory.

The hydraulic circuit connects and influences the behaviour of all important components of a climate installation. A perceptive quantitative design of this part of a climate installation therefore seems natural and is necessary for installations with a heat pump or heat power connection. Actual practice shows that such is not the case and that especially control of part load operation of the hydraulic circuit should be improved. This article presents a method which at present is being worked out within The Netherlands by ISSO into a design guideline for advisers and installers.

The Australian Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme is aimed at improving the energy efficiency of residential building envelopes. The technical basis of the scheme is a multi-zone hourly thermal simulation program, which will be used to calculate annual heating and cooling energy requirements and temperatures in the building to be rated, from which a star rating is derived. This paper gives an overview of the software, and describes the improvements to the glazing model and the model for slab-on-ground construction that were undertaken as part of its development.

Increasing air exchange rate to improve IAQ may increase energy consumption, but this increase may be compensated for by strategies such as free cooling and heat recovery. The frame of the proposed paper is the examination of the potential at a regional level (the Iberian peninsula) of the different strategies mentioned above in typical office buildings.