The aim of this work is to present a simulation programme for PCs which is easy to use and yields quick results of daylighting along the day in an indoor environment provided with a lightshelf, and solar irradiation levels on the external faade of a building. The programme was developed aiming simulations for hot humid climate conditions. The calculations are performed under three sky conditions for a selected site, albedo, surface orientation and inclination, window and lightshelf characteristics, room dimensions and wall surface reflectances.

For new design approaches the engineers of HVAC systems need tools for estimating energy requirements of different heating systems in advance. The heat losses of buildings can be classified into three fields. These are at first the losses through transmission and ventilation. Further on there are the losses which occur during heat generation (e.g. boiler heat losses). The third field contains the losses occurring at the heat distribution (e.g. pipe heat losses).

This paper presents laboratory and field test results for a new pattern recognition adaptive controller (PRAC) that adjusts the gain and integral of proportional-integral controllers while under closed loop control. The laboratory results demonstrate how PRAC tunes a static pressure control loop with aggressive and sluggish initial conditions. Field test results are presented for a static pressure control loop, supply air temperature control with a heating coil, supply air temperature control with dampers, and supply air temperature control with a cooling coil.

This paper presents a new method for monitoring the performance of control loops. The method determines performance indices using recursive relationships. The recursive formulation gives the method two desirable characteristics, namely, it is computationally efficient, and the memory requirements are small because only previous values of the performance indices are stored. Consequently, the method can be implemented in low-cost digital controllers, thereby reducing traffic on the communication network.

A field study on thermal comfort has been carried out in the capital city of Jakarta, Indonesia. There were 596 office workers working in seven multi-storey office buildings participated in this study. Predicted neutral temperatures were read from thermal comfort meter type 1212, while the subjects' thermal sensations (the actual votes) were collected by means of questionnaire.

Physiological and sensory responses, particularly paid attention to the skin wettedness under clothing at constant average skin temperature, were observed in two male subjects while they were seated on a balance. The clothing ensemble had an effective insulation of approximately 1 clo. From the analysis of the present experimental data, the following conclusions were found regarding characteristics of wettedness observed by clothed subjects at a constant average skin temperature, 1. Wettedness correlates negatively with the air temperature and correlates positively with the vapor pressure.

During the past two decades, pressure on the building industry increased gradually. Energy effi-ciency, indoor air quality, comfort, durability, sustainability all became key issues within a framework of growing cost awareness. Hence, this multiplication of issues emphasized the need for a new methodology to assess building quality, called the performance concept. This paper uses performances to evaluate an advanced building envelope system: transparent insulation (TIM).

This paper discusses the use of a building thermal analysis methodology in which the stochastic nature of the external climates and randomness of physical parameters are considered. Methods of thermal calculation which give the density function of the room air temperature and heating and/or cooling loads are proposed. Weather data is modeled by linear time series models with white noises as inputs, which take into account the auto-correlations and cross-correlations of the raw climatic data.

Hollow core ventilated slab systems provide an effective means of utilizing the building structure as a thermal store to reduce energy cost while maintaining the thermal comfort of the occupants. The optimum control strategy for the system would be one that minimizes energy use without prejudicing the thermal comfort requirement. This paper describes the characteristics of the optimal control problem and its potential for reducing energy cost.

The frame work of methodical design as developed at the University of technology Twente is used to specify dynamic system design/configuration concepts and alternatives for HVAC-installations (Heating Ventilation And Air Conditioning). A method of implementing different design representation is integrated into a modelling paradigm. This paradigm describes the design process in terms of several major phases, levels of abstraction and connected levels of modelling centred on layered design representations.