In this work the evaluation of the indoor thermal environment in a classroom equipped with air forced system will be made. In the classrooms’ indoor thermal environment, with the air forced inlet in the door and the outlet located above the windows, two s

This study deals with Particle Matter (PM) levels below 2.5 ?m (PM2.5) in Portugal andshows that US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) directive is exceeded ina few places. PM2.5 total mass concentration measured in several places located in Portugalmainland and islands and the outskirts are quite well correlated for a few sites. Results showthat it is important to determine the elemental composition of PM2.5, and to develop anepidemiological study in Portugal to find a possible association between PM2.5 levels, sourcesand morbidity/mortality.

Indoor Air Quality and thermal climate in schools is very important as it has a direct relation to the health and performance of the pupils. The status quo in the Netherlands is presented (e.g. average CO2 levels in schools, quality of ventilation). The goal of a first study was to evaluate the performance of exhaust-only ventilation systems. The performance was rather disappointed there were a lot of problems and insufficient situations found.

Seven schools underwent an energy audit, evaluating the existing situation through measurement and simulation and looking to possible retrofit measures and their economic feasibility with the energy performance tool (EPB) as an instrument. The results are troubling. The seven schools audited are all problem buildings: hardly any insulation, windows quite air leaky, central heating systems poorly designed and no usage of an on purpose installed ventilation system.

Within the UK, the importance of providing adequate ventilation in schools has been recognised in a recently adopted document (Building Bulletin 101), which defines the set of performance criteria in relation to ventilation rates and indoor air quality in new school buildings. This paper describes a series of field measurements that investigated the ventilation rates and indoor air quality in three new secondary schools in England with respect to these new criteria. The study also analysed the overall performance of the integrated heating and ventilation systems with regards to comfort.

This work is focused on the evaluation of indoor thermal quality and shows some results of awider field study in university classrooms. The field study was conducted through physicalobservations and questionnaires, performed at the same time during the regular lesson time,in a period just before the start of the heating season. The predictions of dissatisfiedoccupants, based both on Fangers heat balance model and on an adaptive approach, werecompared to each other.

This article is the result of a study on how to close the “gap” between architects and a building service consultant. Closing is necessary in order to be able to create both a better indoor climate and an interesting architectural environment. Especially

Air distribution solutions for classrooms aiming to lower air velocities and good temperature control are studied by measurements in 6 schools and temperature simulations. Air velocity measurements showed good performance of duct and ceiling diffusers which provided maximum velocities less than 0.2 m/s and can be highly recommended for classrooms. The wall diffusers were clearly not suitable for classrooms due to high velocities up to 0.43 m/s.

The results of indoor climate investigation in 7 schools of Tallinn are analyzed in the paper.In classrooms with natural air change carbon dioxide concentration at the end of the class isvery high, up to 1.5.3.5 times more than permitted level. With high occupation rate ingymnasiums of Tallinn the good indoor climate and permitted CO2 concentration at the end ofthe class can be provided only with the use of balanced ventilation.

Many research papers have been published on the potential effects of the quality of the indoor environment on productivity in classrooms and offices. This paper (Part 3) reports the result of nationwide field measurements based on subjective questionnaire surveys and objective test scores in a unified way.