Covers maximum permissable levels of various substances, including tobacco smoke, asbestos and benzole, found indoors. The reduction of formaldehyde levels is given special attention.

Investigates the effects of five different ventilation strategies on the annual energy consumption for heating and warm water of residential (family) homes. The strategies are: (1) natural ventilation, (2) mechanical ventilation and three forms of exhaust plants. Uses weather data from Portland, Oregon and Great Falls, Montana as examples of very different climatic conditions and heating/cooling requirements. The University of Wisconsin TRNSYS program was used for numerical simulation.

States that with improved thermal insulation, ventilation heat losses are becoming increasingly important for the total heat demand of a building, particularly multistorey buildings. Explains how the ventilation heat loss of individual rooms

Discusses ventilation requirements to achieve acceptable air quality. In many cases, this would lead to unacceptable energy costs, so instead recommends setting standards for heat-exchanger systems, for filters that can control particulates, hydrocarbons and radon gas, and for details such as flow direction and system maintenance. Also standards for 'pollustat' systems should be encouraged by which four surrogate pollutant levels would be kept below suggested threshold levels in all conditions of building use and occupancy.

Discusses methods of preventing condensation: dehumidification, ventilation, controlling vapour flow; insulation and heating. Particular attention is paid to interstitial condensation and condensation in roofs

Summarises risk by building type and the various physical processes involved in moisture transfer and condensation.

The Heat Protection Ordinance (Warmeschutzverordnung EnEG) issued in 1977 aimed to reduce heating energy consumption and has become part of the building ordinances. Beside the heat transmission resistance (k-value-a measure for the size of the heat transmission losses), also the crack flow exponent (a-value) has been controlled to reduce ventilating heat losses. Practical experience has shown that, without mechanical ventilation, hygienic, physiological and building physical disadvantages will turn up.

Measurements of the radioactive subsoil inside a closed and air conditioned room were made to establish how far the concentration of radon and the radon daughters may be changed by means of ventilation. Whereas the radioactive subsoil in a building cannot be influenced due to the given cosmic radiation and the radio-active isotopes, it is generally assumed that the radio-activity originated by Radon 222 may be removed from the room air by ventilators. The radon diffusing from the brickwork disintegrates into several intermediate radio-active products and finally into stable lead.

Discomfort due to stuffiness and adverse temperature gradients may occur in well insulated rooms with low levels of natural ventilation. Using methods previously applied to studies of convection in the atmosphere, a model of the room air movement

A research project by the Energy Division is underway to develop and demonstrate appropriate construction techniques for superinsulation (SI) residential construction in Minnesota. Techniques applicable for both new and retrofit SI constructi