Describes a fluid flow modelling technique in which the Navier Stokes Equations are replaced by a method which follows the movement of particles. The particles interact according to the Newtonian law of Conservation of Momentum. This technique is made possible by the use of parallel central processing units to replace the normal serial computer. Two such processors are described. The first, developed at Princeton University, is capable of undertaking 20 million cell updates each second. The second is capable of 10 to the power of 9 updates each second.
The study presented has resulted in a simplified procedure for obtaining an overview and a comprehensive picture of the analysis of energy turnover in single family houses, with special consideration given to random and time dependent variations. This procedure is particularly suitable for use in thesolution of sub problems such as the heat storage capacity of various structures and its influence on the energy supply required for the heating system. Harmonic analysis makes it possible to study problems of non-steady heat with arbitrary periods.
A plan has been developed for assessing the air quality of non-industrial buildings. It consists of ten tasks. Tasks 1 and 2 are designed to obtain the background information on the building itself, its surroundings and occupants. Task 3 provides an opportunity for the project team to review theresults and to determine if an in-depth study is necessary. Tasks 4, 5 and 6assess the performance of the building's HVAC systems and identify the contaminants present.
The research was intended to discover which species of mould occurred, whether there were different species on the same spot or whether one species was dominant, whether the species were different from one dwelling to another or whether the same species occurred in all the houses, and whether there were differences according to the furnishing materials used or the presence of fat, for example on kitchen walls.
The report gives the first results of the measurement campaign of 1986-1987. The 'Lindeman' housing estate was built by the coal mine of Zolder for its miners shortly after the 2nd World War (1947-1948). The estate consists of about 230 dwellings and accommodates 272 households. The majority of the population consists of immigrants, especially Turks and Italians, people who are used to another, hotter climate than the wet cold temperature climate in Belgium. The rented houses were refitted in 1981.
It was generally recognised that because of occupants' behaviour, natural ventilation rates were usually much lower than the accepted criteria for calculation. A great deal of anecdotal data existed which showed that frequency of opening windows bore a direct relation to external temperature and that the greater the volume the less the frequency of opening. The recent BRE survey also shows that very low ventilation rates, below 4 cubic metres/ person/hr have been found to be acceptable.
The article in last month's issue of "Energy Management" gave a brief overview of the Energy Efficiency Office's programme of demonstrations in the housing sector, as managed by BRE the Building Research Establishment. In the case of new housing, these are showing the benefits of integrating packages of energy efficiency measures into the designs of range of dwelling types.
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