The flow in a ventilated room will not always be a fully developed turbulent flow. Reduced air change rates owing to energy considerations and the application of natural ventilation with openings in the outer wall will give room air movements with low turbulence effects. This paper discusses the isothermal low Reynolds number flow from a slot inlet in the end wall of the room. The experiments are made on the scale of I to 5. Measurements indicate a low Reynolds number effect in the wall jet flow.

The protection of non-smoking persons against cigarette smoke is a very popular subject. In Germany the ,pro' and , contra' of non-smoking regulations especially in public accessible areas like restaurants, train stations or in governmental buildings is discussed in a more and more controversial way. Especially the discussion about passive smoking and negative health effects through passive smoking lead to the demand of an effective protection of nonsmokers.

This project covered 16 aircrafts including both smoking and non-smoking flights from June 1996 to August 1997. The parameters concerned were carbon dioxide (C02), humidity, temperature, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (03), bacteria, fungus, and respirable suspended particulate (RSP). Compared with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standard, C02, CO and ozone levels on all flights were within such standards. Peak levels of C02 and particulate were observed during both boarding and deboarding periods.

This study investigated the sources and concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including formaldehyde in the air of a new office and conference centre building. The building is naturally ventilated, and was designed to demonstrate a number of innovative approaches to environmental design. Occupant surveys have shown a high level of occupant satisfaction with the indoor environment.

Ventilation is increasingly a subject of concern due to its relation with health and energy loss. Environmental pollution and global warming demands energy conservation and a Airtight structures are being built to reduce the energy losses due to infiltration. Reduced air change rates may lead to accumulation of C02 and other toxic pollutants to undesirable levels. In view of such concerns tests are carried out here to study the influence of ventilation on indoor air quality and thermal conditions in a naturally ventilated building.

This paper presents the difference in the air quality between that perceived by the occupants (breathing zone) and that in the occupied zone as a whole. An environmental chamber with displacement ventilation system has been used to carry out the measurements with the presence of a heated mannequin and other heat sources. Measurements of the age of air distribution, the air exchange index and the ventilation effectiveness were carried out at different points in the chamber for different room loads.

This paper is based on a dual approach (experimental and numerical) in order to predict the indoor air quality for small ventilated enclosures. The experimental part employs a ventilated test room and a tracer gas technique (constant method as gas injection) to estimate the diffusion of a pollutant. The gas used is the sulphur hexafluoride (F6S). The numerical approach is a CFD simulation, adding a convection - diffusion equation (to determine the local mass fraction of the pollutant) to the equations normally used to solve a turbulent flow.

Gas cooking in the home can release high levels of nitrogen dioxide (N02) and carbon monoxide (CO). This study investigated the effect of various ventilation strategies to reduce personal exposure to these pollutants. It considered the effectiveness of windows, a kitchen extract fan and trickle ventilators for different dwellings, occupant behaviour, environmental conditions etc. Strategy selection was based on the need to minimise both personal exposure and energy loss. These strategies were simulated using BRE's BREEZE multi-zonal computer code.

The authors were asked to investigate the dynamic thermal performance of a winery building designed by Architects Freebairn-Smith & Crane. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the building fabric (particularly the strawbale wall construction) in moderating the impact of climatic variation on the internal environment in order to assess the need for auxiliary heating or cooling in the different areas of the building to achieve the thermal stability required particularly in the barrel storage room. A comparison is made with a fully serviced reference building.

This paper presents an innovative roof design. The roof is designed in response to the Tropical climate of Thailand with respect to human thermal comfort. It is composed of a combination of CPAC Monier concrete and transparent tiles on the outer side, air gap and another combination of gypsum with aluminum foil board and translucent sheets on the house side. It has two functions in operation: In daytime the roof acts as a solar chimney and induces natural ventilation. The transparent tile provides not only ,sufficient daylight for housing but also help in increasing the ventilation rate.