Computer modelling is becoming an everyday tool for the building services engineer to ensure that a ventilation design will work early on in the development process. This paper describes this process in relation to Novartis' new office building in the UK. In this case, airflow modelling was used to fine-tune a conceptual idea for the atrium air conditioning. This influenced the solar shading incorporated into the architectural design and allowed engineers to optimise the volume of air used and the location of supply air terminals.
The possibility of using natural ventilation for commercial buildings is increasingly being considered. To assist natural ventilation in these buildings atriums are often suggested for the building's design as well as mechanical systems providing low air change rates. To ensure that natural ventilation will meet today's comfort expectations the proposed design needs to be evaluated using dynamic simulation software.
The intent of this paper is to present the design process which has created the new SELLIC Library for the University of Edinburgh. The design has evolved from the initial concepts completion in 1996 to a detailed design which is currently awaiting Client funding. The building's form has arisen by the integration of the :function, environmental strategy and the aesthetics.
This paper describes the development of a hybrid conditioning system that creates a comfortable indoor environment in a building. The operation of a variable-volume displacement conditioning system and a radiant cooled floor have been optimized to reduce the building load. Control strategies were developed that optimize energy consumption and contain moisture levels within specified limits. The development of conditioning-only occupied zones is shown and how the overall energy consumption is reduced. Its application in a large airport is described.
Two systems, one with air re-circulation alone and the other a combination of air re-circulation and energy recovery using plate heat exchangers have been analysed. For these systems, a set of equations was derived for partial or full re-circulation of air with and without plate heat exchangers. Also, as part of the analysis, the reciprocal ratio of investment and running costs was considered. In this analysis, the re-circulation factor provided by ventilation units, a bypass factor and the efficiency of a plate heat exchanger were considered to be variables.
A novel ventilation system has been installed in buildings constructed for the New Campus of the University of Nottingham. Super-efficient mechanical ventilation has been used as part of an integrated environmental strategy and operates with fan input powers below 0.5 W. l-1. s-1 of airflow. The complete plant was assembled from innovative low-pressure components and has exceptional performance. A key element of the design is that components of the system are bypassed when not in use. At the heart of the system is a low-velocity, high efficiency thermal wheel.
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