This paper deals with the case of a very important thermal discomfort due to wide open arcades and corridors beneath a building, especially under windy and rainy weather. Building thermal simulations (with ESP-r) and field measurements were operated for a building at Coimbra University (Portugal) to suggest architectural corrections (e.g. closing the arcades with windows and doors) in order to reduce discomfort outside and inside the building sand save energy.

This paper describes a method for the determination of optimal indoor conditions, using three parameter indexes: PMV (predicted mean vote) for thermal comfort, CO2 concentration for indoor air quality and cooling/heating load for efficient use of energy. A performance index of the HVAC system is calculating by adding square errors between actual and desired values. It is then minimized to find optimal indoor air conditions.

This paper deals with the simulation of air flow pattern in an office in Singapore (22.5 m x 84 m) with a typical day environmental conditions. Thermal comfort and indoor air quality audit, as well as ventilation measurements are used for validation of the simulation results.

In 2 tropical countries such as Singapore and Indonesia, the perception of thermal comfort is different for people according to their living standards. The higher the standard of living is, the better comfort in living environment is required. A comparative study has been conducted with subjective and objective measurements.

This paper describes the CFD model implemented within a building simulation program (ESP-r). It gives results examples to demonstrate the application potential of the model to calculate local comfort conditions and air quality.

This paper demonstrates the importance of the combined use of an energy simulation program and a CFD program for an accurate design of two low energy cooling systems : displacement ventilation and a combined chilled ceiling with displacement ventilation.

Operative temperature which takes in account air temperature and radiation is of great importance when one defines human comfort.This paper gives information about definition, calculation and measurement of operative temperature.

Two methods have been used for measurement of natural convection flows in a narrow vertical channel of which one wall is heated : a hot wire anemometer adapted to measurements in flows where temperature gradients exist (two hot wires with different overheat) and a method for attaining bulk flow information in boundary layer flows. Results from these two methods are compared.

Guangdong is one of the provinces that have most hot springs in China. This paper presents the results of radon measurements in hot spring hotels of Guangdong province by using NR-667A continuous radon detector. Radon concentrations were measured in hotel rooms with attached bathrooms, tap waters and outdoors air. Radon concentrations were 53.4-292.5 Bq/L in the hot spring water, and 17.2-190.9 Bq/m3 in outdoor air.

Provision of good IAQ in buildings located close to a busy road requires application of air filtration systems which are efficient for submicrometer and especially ultra fine particles, since traffic emissions are associated with particles in these size ranges. A study has been conducted in which a filtration system of an office building was designed according to measured outdoor air conditions and theoretically predicted indoor air conditions. The performance of the system was then validated by field measurements of particle concentration levels indoors and outdoors.