Winter thermal improvement of a traditional house in Nepal

An indoor thermal  simulation  was conducted  in a traditional house in a mountain area of Nepal for the purpose of thermal improvement in winter and saving firewood. The results are as follows:

1. The simulation method used in the present research can be used to predict the indoor environment of various traditional houses and to determine optimal thermal improvements.
2. When firewood consumption is reduced by 60% in the "Integrated improved" model,  nighttime indoor air temperature was 1.0 to 4.0K higher than with the "Base model". This shows that closing openings (doors, windows) to make the building airtight, and insulation of the roof are highly effective for thermal improvement and saving firewood.