English

This paper refers to the use of natural ventilation in Portuguese urban housing stock. In order to assess the goodness of natural ventilation design rules defined in a new Portuguese standard, a research project is being carried out. The results of the measurements of temperature, humidity, flow rate in ducts and weather conditions taken at an apartment in Matosinhos are presented.

Experiences from cleanroom installations has frequently shown that displacement ventilation has a much higher efficiency than mixing ventilation with respect to particle and CO2 reduction, cooling efficiency etc. Another cleanroom experience is that low particle concentration benefits asthma and allergy sufferer. Low particle concentrations reduces the impact of other pollutants and enhance the quality of life for everybody. In an office, the level of discomfort this means less tiredness, better concentration and lower absenteeism.

The compatibility of energy conservation and thermal comfort in Japanese house with high air-tightness and insulation equipped with the whole-housing heating, ventilation and air conditioning (H.V.A.C.) system was examined by a numerical analysis. In addition to the present situation, several scenarios for achieving the compatibility were supposed. Thermal environment, thermal comfort and electricity consumption of H.V.A.C. system were analyzed throughout a year for each scenario. A combination of proper scenarios was found to be achieved the compatibility.

Isolation rooms for airborne infectious agents requires special measures to prevent air from transporting agents from the patient to surrounding rooms. This paper presents measurements for two different solutions that demonstrate that good results could be obtained by selecting construction principles that prevents air leakages and by control of ventilation airflows interlocked to door positions. Further it is estimated how different parameters influences on the transfer of infectious agents from the patient room to the surroundings.

Nowadays, the need to keep indoor air quality under control is widely known due to the fact that people spend most of their time indoors. In order to show a useful working-tool this paper aims to present a guide to evaluate indoor air quality. This work was structured in the following stages: visual inspection, check list, data analysis, experimental measurements of the physical and chemical pollutants and an analysis of the improvement of indoor environmental quality.

The object of this investigation is a marketplace in a cold winter and hot summer region. This survey provides some basic data for HAVC designing of marketplace and the improvement of existed HAVC system in cold winter and hot summer region, at the same time it is suggested:
1. Due to bad smell caused by fruit and vegetables, it is suitable for supermarket to adopt deterministic directional airflow.

Integration of building components and ventilation systems is an effective way to control thermal loads, especially cooling loads. The key point of the system which has been studied in this paper is a special hollow building slab which allows the penetration of variable ventilation air flows. The ventilation rate may be adjusted following a specific control strategy, in order to activate the thermal mass of the slab, and enhance the free cooling effect in the night time.

The maximum velocity in the occupied space is an important aspect of the thermal comfort. The velocity field is controlled by the position of the inlet devices, the introduced momentum flux and the thermal load of a room. Isothermal room air flow velocities depend on the position of the inlet devices and the introduced momentum flux only. Increasing the thermal load of the room leads to a more and more unstable flow situation. Finally, the flow field is dominated by buoyancy effects and it develops a new stable flow structure.

Thermal sensation of tropically acclimatized subjects performing sedentary tasks under personalized ventilation (PV) was explored in this study. The study was conducted in an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) chamber, which is capable of simulating typical office conditions in Singapore. An experimental design involving interventions in indoor ambient temperature, PV supply temperature and PV supply airflow rate, introduced blind to subjects, was conducted.

This paper introduces a manual of thermal comfort in heated rooms. The manual is a design tool to help choose structural measures and make decisions regarding building energy systems for residential and office buildings and comparable room categories. Details are given concerning the calculation algorithm and the related boundary conditions. The major part of the manual contains diagrams illustrating thermal comfort for the most various structures and installation. Some selected diagrams and figures are presented in the paper.