English

The probabilistic model (PROMO) applied to the problem of air infiltration in low-rise buildings is presented. The PROMO model allows the estimation of the effect of variations of climaticconditions on air exchange in a building. In PROMO, experimental data are used in order to evaluate the parameters and types of the distributions of temperature, wind speed, and wind direction. Those distributions are employed to evaluate the distributions of air change rate caused by air infiltration and can be used to estimate probability of inadequate ventilation.

The hybrid ventilation systems have been widely used for livestock barns to provide optimum indoor climate by controlling the ventilation rate and air flow distribution within the ventilated building structure. The purpose of this paper is to develop models for livestock ventilation systems and indoor environments with a major emphasis on the prediction of indoor horizontal variation of temperature and concentration adapted to the design of appropriate controlling strategy and control systems.

This paper investigates the sensitivity of indoor humidity models to the numerical description of water vapour buffering in porous materials in the room. Three different numerical models are compared: a lumped capacity model, which lumps the moisture inertia in a single capacity for the room, a two-node model, which differentiates between the room air humidity and the representative humidity of an equivalent humidity buffering material, and finally a room-wall model, which describes the water vapour transfer and storage in the building fabric through a continuum model.

This work presents simulations results exploring the influence of the building air-tightness on the energy consumption of buildings for different hypothesis on the type of ventilation system. It shows that the energy impact is different depending on the ventilation system, and that buildings ventilated with a supply-extract ventilation system, even those without heat exchanger, are much more sensitive to air infiltrations than buildings ventilated with an extract ventilation system.

The performance of three different ventilation systems in cold climate homes is discussed. Comparisons are presented of monitored datasets by contrasting operations of the three ventilation systems, the energy impacts on the overall HVAC systems, and resulting indoor environmental conditions. Whole building simulation results, based on ventilation system models using EnergyGauge and validated in part by the monitored datasets, provide normalized comparisons of HVAC system energy use.

A field study in 18 selected houses in Dublin and the surrounding area has been carried out between September 2004 and February 2005Continuous measurements of Indoor temperature, relative humidity (RH), concentrations of selected pollutants including carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matters (PM1, PM2.5, PM7 and PM10), moisture, and ozone (O3) were made in each house. The infiltration rates in ten houses were tested with both fan pressurization and tracer gas decay methods. The results of those investigations are presented.

In this study, personal displacement ventilation (PDV), including two cases with all seats taken and two middle seats taken, is compared with overall displacement ventilation (ODV) of all seats taken under the condition that supply temperature is 24C and air change rate is 60 l/s per workstation. The results indicate that PDV can be used in the room with big change of occupants number to satisfy the need of thermal comfort and air quality. When not all seats are taken, designers should increase supply air requirement or reduce its temperature for thermal comfort.

For that study, an investigation of indoor air microbes of two Hong Kong Old Folks Home, one with naturally ventilation and another with mechanically ventilation device, was carried out. Samples of airborne fungi and bacteria were taken from five indoor sites characterized by different human activities along with an outdoor sample for comparisonBoth bacterial counts and fungal counts in air in the naturally ventilated Home were higher than that in the mechanically ventilated Home.

An experimental and a numerical studies were performed to compare thermal comfort(TC) and indoor air quality(IAQ) in the lecture room for cooling loads when the operating conditions are changed. PMV value and CO2 concentration of the lecture room were measured and compared with the numerical results. They had a good agreement with each other. Then the authros used their numerical model to analyze TC and IAQ for a couple of operating conditions. The results are presented.

The individualized control air conditioning mode can meet different needs of occupants to a greater extent than the traditional total-space air conditioning mode.In this paper, the authors consider that the total supply air system with variable air volume (VAV) box is appropriate to provide acceptable comfort and good indoor air quality.