English

The application of a ventilation system in a new building is a multidimensional complex problem that involves both quantifiable and non-quantifiable data e.g. energy consumption, indoor environment, building integration and architectural expression. This paper presents a structured method for evaluating the performance of a ventilation system in the design process by treating quantifiable and non-quantifiable datasets together.

The building of the warehouse complexes, equipped with the contemporary technologies of storage and the sending of goods, intensively is developed in Russia. In 2002-2005 scientific production venture "Termek" and The Central Research Institute for Industrial Buildings was executed the design and the building of the heating systems and ventilation of the warehouse complex "SHERLAND" (area of drying storages - 26000 m, the height 17m.).
The system of hot-air heating and ventilation with the supply of heated air through the nozzles

Measuring AERs in an effective, real-time, easy and low-cost way is still a challenge, especially in China where rooms were usually naturally ventilated but not with the Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. A new AER monitoring method using continuous CO2 sensor was validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies. Controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted in a 1 m environmental chamber at different AERs (0.1~10.0 hr-1). AERs were determined using steady-state method and decay method based on box model assumptions.

Changes of actual load often lead to trouble with the operation of the ventilation system. The design data are no longer correct if, for any reason, the actual load has permanently changed during the usage. The proposed ventilating system maintains the most commonly developed harmful gaseous contaminant content below the permissible level in spaces with forced ventilation. Sensors are mounted in every room, in a given height. By following the demand, the supplied fresh air volume matches the momentary load.

A typical commercial/institutional building is modeled using a computer program developed by ASHRAE as research project number RP-590. The RP-590 program output was used as input in a separate program written to calculate the CO2 concentration levels in the various zones of this typical building on an hourly basis for a one year cycle. This data allow one to see how VAV A/C systems affect the CO2 levels in each zone as the VAV boxes modulate in response to the thermal load.

Buildings with large enclosure often present unresolved problems related to energy and air flows such as unwanted thermal stratification, local overheating, uncontrolled contaminant spreading. These kind of constructions are often found in unique buildings where innovative designs are developed. Consequently, there exists no previous experience and very careful analysis on the ventilation design is advisable [1]. This is particularly true for the halls of the "Citt dello Sport" in Rome, designed by Santiago Calatrava, because of their singularity in term of dimension and shape.

The European standard prEN 13779 - Ventilation for non-residential buildings [1] distinguishes four categories of decreasing air quality, ETA 1 to 4, for rooms in buildings. We tested the separation effectiveness between a special designed smoking porch, which is a typical ETA 3 room, and the adjoining lobby at Delft University of Technology. The ventilation effectiveness in the smoking porch, which was heated and ventilated by a pseudodisplacement ventilation system, was measured as well.
For the ETS measurements we used an innovative Ultra Fine Particle sensor, newly developed

A typical virtual meeting room with occupants displays different situations of airflow pattern for different locations of the air supply even though the ventilation system has the same loca-tion of the air exhaust in the room. The pollutant is defined here as CO2 emitted by the occu-pants in the room. - The investigation is realised with full-scale numerical modelling under Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method.

The air distribution components in a variable air volume (VAV) flow system influences the overall function of the system. A low supply air temperature and a wide working range in terms of airflow rate, facilitate high energy efficiency. However, in order to achieve these properties, high demands must be set on the function of the supply-air diffusers.

In many climate zones, low energy buildings will not be able to utilize natural ventilation at all times. Hence, low-energy mechanical comfort systems will still be required. For green buildings there are design objectives well above minimum standards for comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) that are meant to improve occupant productivity. The latter can make meeting low-energy requirements even more challenging. To meet these sometimesconflicting requirements, the principles of concurrent engineering may be applied to support design charettes.