Thermal building simulations (TRNSYS) werelinked to nodal airflow network simulations(COMIS) for a detailed ventilated double-skinfacade calculation of performance. Thevalidated simulation model can be used tooptimize the ventilated facade design in respectto reducing the solar heat gains during thesummer period by controlling the exhaustairflow. This may result in significant energysavings and a reduction in systems cooling size.This work evaluates two different controlstrategies of ventilated faqade designs in respectto cooling load reductions.
This paper describes thermal characteristics of a hydronic floor heating system using heat pumps. An experimental system is constructed in a climate chamber. It has a test room with a floor area of 1 1.6 m2 and an air volume of 23.15 m3. Higher heat flow from floor heating can be seen in the room space at cases using panels with a thinner top layer made by materials with lower thermal resistance. Such panels also provide higher room temperature than other ones in comparison with conditions at similar supply water temperature. The heat balance in the whole system is observed.
As a matter of national policy, we have tochallenge to save energy in residential sectorthat contribute to C02 emission because theKyoto protocol has talten effect in 2005. Theamount of CO2 emission in residential sectoraccounts for about 14% of whole C02 emissionin Japan. The reduction of energy consumptionis the most pressing issue to be settled in theimmediate future. Then the energy consumptionof residential buildings was monitored for twoyears around the country with the object ofcreating a national database.
The productivity of occupants in classroomsdepends strongly on the indoor air quality andthe thermal comfort. Three ventilation conceptswith different arrangements of supplyand exhaust openings are presented as solutionsin this study. The different ventilationconcepts which are mixing- and displacementventilation are evaluated by different criteriain particular by their ventilation efficiency.
Considering density of housing in residentialarea of large cities in Japan, it is very difficultto secure sufficient daylight and lead daylightto whole space in the house. High side lightingis one of solutions for such situation. Andwhen high side windows are designed withopen beain, high side light can be propagatedto lower level through open beam. On theother hand, high side light brings highlightarea on walls or floors. The highlights areaoften appears on walls close to eye level. Thearea may cause glare phenomenon or maylower brightness of surrounding area bycontrast effect.
In residential buildings moisture is adominant pollution source removed by theventilation system. The Danish buildingcode requires a minimum air change rate of0.5h-1 in residential buildings to avoidmoisture related problems.
Cross-ventilation is difficult to predict andcontrol because wind exhibits a large degree ofvariation in both speed and direction.Consequently, the design of a well functioningcross-ventilation system presently demandsthorough and often expensive wind tunnel andCFD investigations. If one can lower the costneeded for these investigations much will begained. This paper considers the possibility toclassify types of flows based on straightforwardstatic pressure measurements.
The purposes of this research are to contrast theenergy consumption characteristics of oldresidential buildings and new residentialbuildings in Shanghai, China, and to analyzeinfluence factors of residential energyconsumption. 16 10 families in ResidentialDistrict A constructed in the 1980s and 819families in Residential District B constsucted inthe 2000s were chosen to trace their monthlyenergy consumption data in the whole year of2006.
This paper describes the optimum HVACcontrol system that the simulation is executedusing the data of BEMS and the weatherforecasting, etc. The thermal characteristicssuch as heat load are calculated by thesimulation code TRNSYS with modeling thetargeted building, and many scenarios for thenext day are indicated in terms of energyconsumption, C02 generation rate, thermalcomfort and cost. After the operator has chosena scenario, the optimized operation schedule ofthe heat source is provided by the simulationcode GAMS.
In order to further improve energyperformance of buildings, intelligentbuilding control is needed which integratesindividual demands and behavior ofoccupants. Intelligent Agent technology issuited to be implemented at different levelsof building automation. Individual agentscontrol the climate for each user of thebuilding in combination with feedback onthe energy consumption can lead to betterindividual comfort and a reduction of energyconsumption.
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