Design requires the knowledge of what is to be achieved and how is wanted to be achieved. The final definition of a product is usually the result of a cycle of definitions and redefinitions, depending of an interactive and iterative process where many participants take part. Axiomatic Design is one of the latest design theories, which allows a structured decision process. According to Axiomatic Design, two axioms govern good design: the Independence and the Information Axioms.
Efficient ventilation of indoor environments shall guarantee not only a proper oxygen flow for human breathing, but also an effective removal of pollutants released by human metabolism and building materials. Usually, high ventilation rates are adopted to reach these two goals, with a consequent high energy consumption for buiding climatization.
The growing interest in Italy for the tutelage, the restoration and the valorisation of the historical-cultural resources and the necessity of a better conservation of the artworks of great value require that the museums be provided with appropriate HVAC systems for the control of the ambient conditions. The suitable microclimate for the conservation of the works inside a
museum can be identified by means of a multisubject investigation.
The paper concerns the definition of guidelines in the design of a new urban settlement, based on system energy utilization and building environmental impacts and sustainability improvement. The study refers to a 160000 m2 area sited on the outskirts of Carmagnola, a city close to Torino, where the municipality decided to locate about 1260000 m3 of commercial buildings: offices, shopping centres, a trade fair area, a cattle market, a multi-hall cinema, hotels, restaurants, industrial sheds.
The enhancement of the know-how of the thermal environment has leaded to the formulation of more rational methods for the evaluation of the thermal responses of people. Nevertheless the improvement in human body heat exchange modelling resulted in more complex algorithms making difficult an easy assessment of thermal environments, especially for the beginners. Moreover the assessment interpretation according to the regulations in force is not trivial.
EECCAC is an EU funded project, where twelve participants (National Energy Agencies, Manufacturers, University laboratories and Electric utilities) from eight countries gathered to identify the most suitable measures to achieve market transformation in the direction of energy efficiency of central air conditioning systems in Europe. Within the project, some energy efficiency options (EEO) have been analysed, and a summary is presented in this paper. After setting some starting points for building, climate and simulation engine, we will present the list of HVAC system EEO covered.
In principle, there is a strong consensus that energy performance regulations should be as simple as possible. In practice, several of the existing procedures are lengthy and far from easy to quickly understand. The paper tries to clarify the various challenges for achieving the required quality. Specific attention is given to summer comfort issues and passive and low energy cooling.
The net evaporation process is investigated by performing non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The transient density, temperature and pressure profiles are statistical calculated, and the net evaporation flux is obtained from molecular level. With Hertz-Knudsen- Labuntsov equation, the evaporation coefficients based on nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are computed and compared with the data calculated by the equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and the transition state theory.
Air-conditioning and cooling contribute significantly to the energy consumption of a lot of existing office buildings, especially when primary energy factors are taken into account. "Lean" building concepts however can diminish the cooling energy demand by passive cooling strategies. Compared to mechanically cooled or air-conditioned buildings the resulting indoor temperatures are floating in a broader band during summer and might exceed the given boundaries of codes and regulations on thermal comfort for short periods.
Built environment is a manifestation of the technological innovation. The way technologies are applied in design and construction of buildings, have direct implications on the amount of energy consumed. In modern context buildings represent enclosed, isolated boxes/systems where environment is artificially controlled. This requires considerable energy. A problematic relationship between architecture and technology is evident. A large part of Indian Subcontinent has for majority of year ample Sun- renewable, nonpolluting, abundant and direct source of all present natural cycles on earth.
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