This paper introduces a ventilation system that combines buried-pipes with multi-purpose windows with the aim of finding an energy efficient, environment-protecting and low-cost way to improve the indoor environment. In this system, buried pipes serve as air-conditioners and multi-purpose windows serve as draught, sound and heat protective devices, in addition to acting as ordinary windows. Further benefits include protection from noise, dust, and insects as well as protection against intruders, thus providing a safe, healthy and comfortable indoor environment.
A building contains a number of large openings, such as doors and staircases. When the temperature of the spaces connected by these openings differs, the difference in density will cause air movements through them.Horizontal air movements through vertical openings in buildings, such as doors and windows are wellinvestigated while studies of air movements through horizontal openings, such as stairwells are less frequent and therefore this work focuses on this case.
This paper reports a critical analysis of the assessment of contaminant removal efficiency. Measurements have been carried out in a ventilated room equipped with a pine wood floor, which emits Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), considered as air pollutants in this paper. Thereafter, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed. CFD results are compared to measurements to check their accuracy. Moreover, air quality within the ventilated room is numerically analysed via indices.
Railway platform spot cooling has become an increasingly attractive means to improve thermal comfort conditions of existing subway stations. This paper presents a systematic approach to evaluate the effectiveness of platform spot cooling. The subway environment is first analysed by a simple onedimensional network model, which is able to estimate the bulk air temperature from the available spot cooling. The localized effects of spot cooling are then investigated using CFD.
Heat loss monitoring from a thermal manikin was undertaken representing an occupant in a classroom during a lesson period of 80 minutes in which the room temperature was increased from 21 to 24C for various airflow velocity configurations. A group of subjects was exposed to various conditions of temperature and airflow rate so that the impact of these variations on their surface/skin temperature could be determined. It was found that skin temperature remained stable and close to 34C for all conditions of exposure.
The aim of that guidebook (74 pp), published by REHVA is to provide a clear analysis of the definitions of ventilation effectiveness and to present case study examples
The definition of a good indoor climate is important to the success of a passenger rail coach, not only because it will decide its energy consumption and thus influence its sustainability but also because good comfort for long journeys is essential. A survey in a coach investigating the thermal and air quality environment was undertaken. The intention is to use the results to optimise the control of the ventilation system to provide an indoor climate that passengers will find comfortable.
In dwellings there is a desire to reduce ventilation heat loss, by reducing uncontrollable air infiltration, at the same time as providing adequate indoor air quality by controllable background ventilation. In England and Wales, the background ventilation requirements in part F of the Building Regulations at present are expressed in prescriptive terms. The adopted European Standard, EN13141-1:2004, provides a means of assessing the performance of background ventilation devices, such as trickle ventilators, and gives a standard method of measuring the equivalent area of the ventilator.
The term air conditioning not only prescribes comfort temperature and relative humidity, but also the quality of air inside the room. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) has become a concomitant of air conditioning. The pollutants generated inside the room affect the quality of air inside the room. The major pollutants considered are occupant generated (carbon dioxide - CO2, odour), sulphur dioxide and toluene etc. The monitoring and controlling of all pollutants is cumbersome.
‘Supply air’ windows are designed with an air gap between the inner panes of glass that is used as the incoming air path for room ventilation; air is pre-warmed within the window and thereby avoids the sensation of draughts. A series of tests, verified by model simulations, were carried out to determine those aspects of the window’s specification that govern the extent to which air is pre-warmed by the windows before entering rooms.
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