English

The field modelling technique for predicting the temperature distribution and smoke movement in enclosures containing a fire source is validated against experiments carried out in a fully instrumented sports building covered by anair supported dome. The building is oval in plan and the dome has an ellipsoidal shape. A 2MW methanol pool fire located centrally on the floor of the building was used to obtain detailed measurements of temperature at a number of locations. The mathematical model simulates the transient problemin three dimensions using two different finite volume grids.

This paper outlines the complexity of the building energy modelling problem and describes the ESP program and, in particular, its air flow modelling capabilities. The issue of "technology transfer" is highlighted and mention made of the recently established RIASEnergy Design Advisory Service, a Government-funded technology transfer initiative to provide Scottish building designers with subsidised access to advanced energy simulation technology. Three "case studies" from EDAS work are presented, outlining some of thepractical applications of the ESP program.

Describes a fluid flow modelling technique in which the Navier Stokes Equations are replaced by a method which follows the movement of particles. The particles interact according to the Newtonian law of Conservation of Momentum. This technique is made possible by the use of parallel central processing units to replace the normal serial computer. Two such processors are described. The first, developed at Princeton University, is capable of undertaking 20 million cell updates each second. The second is capable of 10 to the power of 9 updates each second.

A plan has been developed for assessing the air quality of non-industrial buildings. It consists of ten tasks. Tasks 1 and 2 are designed to obtain the background information on the building itself, its surroundings and occupants. Task 3 provides an opportunity for the project team to review theresults and to determine if an in-depth study is necessary. Tasks 4, 5 and 6assess the performance of the building's HVAC systems and identify the contaminants present.

The research was intended to discover which species of mould occurred, whether there were different species on the same spot or whether one species was dominant, whether the species were different from one dwelling to another or whether the same species occurred in all the houses, and whether there were differences according to the furnishing materials used or the presence of fat, for example on kitchen walls.

This overview explains why indoor air quality (lAQ) has recently attracted so much attention what are the major sources of indoor air pollution, and what are the health effects of concern. It discusses differences among occupational, outdoor, and indoor air pollution problems including some of the different measurement needs. It also covers the total exposure concept, and discusses the California IAQ Program. Emerging trends in indoor air quality measurement techniques are presented in the final part of the paper.

A simple model is developed for the estimation of annual rates in single-family houses using indicators for both house tightness (air changes at 50 Pa) and site climate (the leakage-infiltration ratio). This technique is best suited to low-accuracy, large data set problems where detailed data are not available. The method is similar to the method attributed to Kronvall and Persily (ie, the K-P method), but is derived from a physical model, the LBL infiltration model.

The average UK household spends about +500 per year on heating, lighting and power for domestic appliances but there is a huge variation between individual household expenditures. Field trials, in which the energy use in occupied dwellings is measured, show that the physical characteristics of the dwelling and the lifestyles of the occupants are about equally important in determining energy consumption. It is clear, therefore, that realistic estimates of domestic energy consumption can only be made if both these factors are considered together.