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Two energy-efficient single-family houses (known as ESPI houses) with competitive overallcosts were set up during the study in Finland. The consumption of energy for room heating inESPI houses was reduced to a half at the construction stage, by employing simple solutionswhich can be used by every builder. The level of thermal insulation of the houses wasimproved remarkably. The houses were equipped with a controlled ventilation system and anefficient exhaust air heat recovery unit. One of the houses was oil heated and the other waselectrically heated.

Three buildings are investigated to study the indoor air quality and the impact of the outdoorair pollution. These buildings, a swimming pool, a school and a nursery are located in anurban area. So, during experimental studies, typical outdoor and indoor pollutants such ascarbon monoxyde, nitrogen dioxyde, carbon dioxyde, and total volatile organic compoundsare monitored. Also, the relative humidity and the temperature are carried out. The analysisallows us to reveal several points.

The project of CEN Standard from the Ventilation for dwellings group TC156/WG2/AH4 [1]for airflows calculations is being submitted to enquiry.This method can be easily compared to AIVC guides to calculate the ventilation airflow(natural or mechanical) in a given status. Yet, for energy loss estimation, these airflowscalculations must be done either hour per hour, either with average values andsimplifications.

Air change rates, indoor radon and carbon dioxide levels were monitored in a lecture theatre in the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Two preliminary measurements (Cases 1 and 2) and one series of demand control ventilation simulation (Case 3) were made to investigate the indoor air quality of the lecture theatre. Radon and carbon dioxide levels were found to be relatively high in Case 1 and later improved at the expense of operating the system catering for maximum occupancy in Case 2.

The improvement of air quality due to self-restricted air consumption in regions as well as globally appears to have considerable promise. Self-restriction means the normalised air (energy) consumption reasonable for favourable conditions of life and work. It will allow the use of the compensation concept when the consumption is higher than normal. This method enables us to select environment-friendly means of energy production as well as consumption taking into account the peculiarities of regions.

Field measurements were made during the heating season to compare IAQ between an air– conditioned building (Building A) and a naturally ventilated building (Building B) situated in the centre of Pyongyang and similar in architectural design, number of occ

The envelope as fictional building element acts as a filter intended to regulate energy andmass flows. The overall performance of the envelope is ascertained by the combined effects ofthe functional components. Thus a methodical approach is required for the comparativeappraisal of envelope alternatives in terms of multiple perfomance requirements andidentication of the best overall performer.

This project has studied a selection of 16 typical museums for antiquities in five Mediterranean countries and was partly funded by the JOULE III of the European Commission DG XII. Through an elaborate analysis and complete refurbishment of the Archaeological Museum of Delphi, the programme has provided an example for an innovative museum design based on present-day know-how.        

The buoyant plume characteristics of heat sources and their relation to geometric factors are of fundamental importance to the effectiveness of the displacement ventilation. The interactions in buoyant plumes from an array of horizontal line heat sources are investigated systematically with Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Based on the discussion about convective flow patterns of a single lime heat source, the characteristic velocity and temperature to character the accumulating buoyancy effects of an array of horizontal line heat sources are proposed.