The use of lightwells and courtyards for natural ventilation in high-rise buildings is exaimed using both wind tunnel and field measurements of the pressures and neutral pressure zone caused by wind and temperature differences. Though air flow patterns are complex for complex building designs, air exchange rates in lightwells and courtyards were generally seen great enough to assure clean air for natural ventilation via air infiltration. However the cost of land in urban settings will probably make mechanical ventilation systems the economic choice.
An analysis of ventilation necessary to maintain air quality in an above-ground fallout shelter was done, making use of theoretical models, and generalizing the results to fit measurements on actual shelter data. Results show that, at most, boundary surface heat loss serves as a safety factor for ventilation systems, and thus ventilation systems should be designed to remove the entire thermal load generated within the shelter. This, when considered in addition to weather and load expectations, establishes an upper limit on ventilation equipment size.
Three identical houses in Houston, Texas were extensively instrumented for measuring their air conditioner energy consumption and ceiling and duct heat-gain rates. Comparative tests were conducted to investigate differences in house performance due to increased attic ventilation. The performances of a roof-mounted power ventilator, a ridge vent, and wind-driven turbines were compared to the performance of soffit venting meeting the requirements of the HUD Minimum Property Standards.
The levels reported in diverse publications of by products of cigarette combustion (acrolein, aldehydes, aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nicotine, nitrogen oxides, nitrosamines, particulates, and others for which scattered information is available - HCN, ketones, nitriles) are summarized in tabular form. Summaries also include information on test conditions such as ventilation, size and types of premises, monitoring conditions, number of smokers, and rate of smoking.
The ventilation of a large room is often achieved by supplying inlet air from a small side-wall mounted opening. The velocity distribution in a typical room with a small circular inlet opening close to the ceiling is described. The supplied air forms a wall jet below the ceiling which is easy to describe in terms of velocity distribution, entrainment, etc. The jet is deflected at the end wall opposite the supply opening and the resultant flow in the lower part of the room - the occupied zone - has a rather complicated structure.
The state of practice in Canada, as described in the literature, concerning ventilation, air distribution and air quality in warehouses and light industrial buildings is reviewed. There is little documented field information available. Modelling processes have not been developed which can provide thenecessary detail. Measurement of air flows, both in the field and in models, is difficult. The regulatory environment in Canada allows considerable innovation in developing conservation procedures.
Contains articles on rain penetration and moisture damage in residential construction, moisture sources in houses, control of surface and concealed condensation, and ventilation of houses. Illustrates the various types of condensation problems that may occur, explains the active processes involved in some of these problems and discusses in detail the principal factors surrounding these phenomena i.e. sources of moisture, choice of construction detail, and current ventilation practice.
Pacific Power and Light Company and Battelle PNW Laboratories have completed a project which investigated residential ventilation rates. The results presented in the report discuss evaluation of methods used to measure ventilation rates, the behavior of ventilation rates in residences and the comparison of ventilation rates among home construction types. The perfluorocarbon tracer gas decay technique for measuring ventilation rates was concluded to be the best method used during the testing.
Reviews the papers on air infiltration and ventilation research presented at the ASHRAE annual meeting held in Honolulu, Hawaii, in June 1985. The twelve most significant papers on multizone infiltration and air leakage are discussed at length and other infiltration-related papers mentioned. Authors' abstracts for the twelve symposium papers plus seven technical papers are presented.
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