reduction

Detached residential wooden houses are a common type of housing in Japan. Decay of wooden components within the walls is easily caused by condensation or defective flushing. To solve this problem, a double-skin system with a room-side air gap was developed. In this system, during winter, the airflow in the ventilated wall circulates freely around the whole house. Therefore, during daytime, the airflow moves solar heat to base, and releases heat to the house at night which can increase indoor temperature.

Although Saudi Arabia empowers the world with energy, the country is faced with unprecedented demand on electric energy. The issue, however, is neither affordability nor shortage but the exponential growth of demand on electricity, which reached an annual rate of 17% [Ministry of Industry and Electricity (MIE), 1995). This figure indicates that we need to double the number of our power generation plants within few years in order to meet the kingdom's present and near future demand.