Sources and concentrations of organic compounds in indoor environments.

Discusses the sources and concentrations of organic compounds in indoor environments. Describes work done by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in the USA on formaldehyde and poor air quality in offices.

Ventilation effectiveness in mechanically ventilated office buildings.

Mechanical ventilation systems in large office buildings are designed to meet space conditioning loads and to maintain acceptable indoor air quality. In order to achieve acceptable air quality, the ventilation systems are designed to bring in a mlnimrm amount of outside air whenever the building is occupied.

Evaluation of a simple technique for measuring infiltration rates in large and multicelled buildings using a single tracer gas.

Large, multicelled, and naturally ventilated buildings pose many inherent difficulties for the measurement of overall infiltration rates using tracer gases. 

Indoor air quality and human health.

Provides general information on indoor air pollution sources, the pollutants commonly found indoors and their potential health effects. Contains chapters on formaldehyde and other household contaminants, radon, particulates, combustion products, smoking, energy-efficient buildings, control of indoor air pollutants, air quality in office buildings, and legal and regulatory issues in the USA. Further sources of information are given.

Continuous air infiltration measurements in the LESO.

The total air infiltration rates can be determined by the tracer gas decay method, but to measure the influence of inhabitants or convective exchanges between rooms, the constant concentration method is more suitable. In order tomeasure these effects, the Compact Equipment for Survey of Air Renewal (CESAR), developed at the LESO, was used to perform an air exchange analysis on data recorded at regular intervals in up to 10 locations simultaneously. Three tracer gas methods were implemented: decay, constant concentration and continuous flow.

Continuous air renewal measurements in an occupied solar office building.

A Compact Equipment for Air Renewal Survey (CESAR) has been developed by the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne. The device has been designed for simultaneous analysis of up to 10 different inhabited rooms over extended periods of time (days or weeks). The constant concentration tracer gastechnique was used for the first survey done in the South rooms of the LESO building. Mean outdoor to room flow rates of between 1 and 40 m3/h were found.The mean building to room air flow was found to be 5 m3/h for rooms with only one communicating door with the rest of the building.

Efficient ventilation in office rooms.

Results from a two-box model for calculation of tracer gas concentrations in rooms are given and consequences of different definitions of ventilation efficiency are discussed. Results from three different series of experiments are presented. 

Ventilation system performance evaluation using tracer gas techniques.

Based on current concerns regarding indoor air quality and energy use, there is a need for in situ techniques for evaluating buildings' infiltration and ventilation characteristics. The U.S. National Bureau of Standards has developed and employed equipment and techniques for such evaluation. The measurement of whole building leakage and ventilation rates has been reported on previously. Additional procedures are presented here for a more complete evaluation of the ventilation system operation and the distribution of air within the building.

Design for ventilation.

Ventilation can be advantageous as opposed to adventitious and, with careful building design, can eliminate the need for air conditioning in summer. This paper discusses the general principles of design for ventilation, inparticular the removal of excess heat, and presents two examples of buildings designed to eliminate air conditioning. One is a deep plan office block, the other an exhibition hall. In both cases ventilation models featured strongly in the design.

Continuous air renewal measurements in different inhabited buildings.

A Compact Equipment for Survey of Air Renewal (CESAR) was developed at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne in Switzerland. Controlled by a microcomputer, this apparatus uses tracer gas methods ( decay, continuous flow or constant concentration). Up to ten different locations in inhabited rooms can be monitored simultaneously over extended periods of time, using mainly the "constant concentration" technique. Several air renewal surveys were carried out on different inhabited buildings.

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