mixing ventilation system

In many countries, the mixing ventilation system (hereinafter referred to as MV) is the most common and widely used system in office buildings for decades, even after the development of the displacement ventilation system (hereinafter referred to as DV). It is believed that DV has better ventilation efficiency compared to MV. However, DV could have problems such as vertical temperature difference in the occupied zone, horizontal temperature distribution, and performance in the heating mode.