A prototype of a low cost, low energy office building was built using a new Finnish component system building technology. Thanks to the energy efficient windows, the thermal insulation of the building envelope and the demand-controlled variable outdoor air flow HVAC system with heat recovery and energy-storing structures, the need for heating and cooling energy has been reduced to such a level that a low energy office can be cooled with outdoor air and with the aid of a heat recovery device. The building is kept warm with the support of its own operations almost throughout the year.
The NORWEB Headquarters in Manchester, UK, is an air conditioned energy efficient office building of unusual design, completed in 1988. It has three stories with overhanging canopies providing solar shading and 21 % solar control glazing. The open plan interior is ventilated by a displacement system with three twist outlets in the floor to each desk position. A detailed questionnaire survey showed this to be one of the 'healthiest' buildings tested so far, with a very low 'building sickness symptom score'.
The new building and HVAC technology was used when an EBES multistorey residential building was built in Helsinki. In the EBES system the building structures are used as an installation space for the heating, piping, ventilation and electrical systems. Building structures are also used as a storage for heating and cooling energy. The main objectives of the overall EBES system are to improve the indoor air quality and energy economy and at the same time to improve the quality of the construction process and reduce costs.
A cross-flow polymer membrane enthalpy exchanger has been designed which provides both heat recovery and moisture dissipation in the ventilation of living spaces. The exchanger is of benefit in providing fresh air during both cooling and heating seasons with minimum loss of energy. A prototype of the enthalpy exchanger has been constructed and tested. The air leakage of the equipment has been found to be negligible; that is, the two air streams are indeed non-mixing.
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