Since buildings have a predominant impact on the global climate change and other environmental issues, it has become necessary to consider environmental performance in building design. An optimization approach is presented in this paper to minimize life-cycle environmental impacts of buildings. Parameters included in the model are usually determined at the conceptual design phase and have a critical influence on environmental performance. Life-cycle environmental impacts are evaluated in terms of expanded cumulative exergy consumption.
The present paper addresses and fosters the factors that affect airflow movement and energy efficiencies in the surgical operating theatres. The present work puts forward analyses for major factors con tributing to failure to achieve and attain the optimum Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), and the methods suggested to solve such problem. Appropriate architectural and mechanical engineering recommendations to achieve the optimum hygienic operating theatre are set out in the paper.
This paper draws the attention to the importance of a correct modelling of the inlet temperature of naturally and mechanically ventilated multiple-skin facades. A sensitivity study illustrates the significance of the inlet temperature as a boundary condition for numerical multiple-skin facade models.
Occupant responsive optimal control is developed for so called smart façade systems. The control optimizes the performance of the system by rotating a motorized louver slat in the cavity and ventilation dampers at the top and bottom of exterior and interior glazing. One prominent feature of the system is the capability of dynamically reacting to the environmental input data through real-time optimization in terms of energy, visual comfort and thermal comfort. Users interaction with the system is Web enabled.
This study is aimed to contribute to energy saving and to achieve the indoor thermal comfort by preventing the down draft along the window in building with less heating energy than the common equipment, e.g. FCU. Firstly for the counter along the perimeter equipped with the heat panel, the flow inlet, the flow outlet and the declined plate over the counter, the 2-D simulations of 64 cases with varying the configuration of the counter, the heat generation rate, etc. are executed.
In this work two numerical models are presented. The first one simulates the buildings thermal response and evaluates the internal air quality, while the second one simulates the human and clothing thermal systems and calculates the thermal comfort level in non-uniform environments.
The aim of the presented work is to refine the ESP-r system by incorporating phase change materials (PCM) modelling. The behaviour of PCMs is modelled using ESP-r’s special materials facility. The effect of phase transition is added to the energy balance equation as a latent heat generation term according to the so-called effective heat capacity method. Numerical simulations were conducted for a multi-zone, highly glazed and naturally ventilated passive solar building. PCM impregnated gypsum plasterboard was used as an internal room lining.
Present international standard for thermal comfort such as ASHRAE Standard 55 and ISO 7730 were developed to serve as a guideline for moderate thermal environments e.g. mechanically air- conditioned spaces [CEN ISO 1995]. Recent thermal comfort studies had reported that some discrepancies were observed in its application for Naturally Ventilated (NV) buildings in hot and humid tropical climate [Feriadi et.al 2003]. The standard failed to take into considerations tolerance and different perception of thermal comfort from different environmental setting.
In tropical humid climate, thermal environment can be controlled using natural ventilation. But this technic raises the problem of acoustic comfort. Some technical devices coping with aeraulic and acoustic comfort constraints exist but they are not suitable in all economic context. Thus the urban research is exploring built configurations performances for future urban planning. This article presents an exploratory simulation method of these physical parameters, and analyses results of two guadeloupean urban fabric tests.
This paper describes modelling and simulation of a space with radiant cooling ceiling (CC). The computer model represents a test chamber, which is located in a laboratory of the Department of Environmental Engineering in Prague. The simulation results were obtained with the ESP-r software. These results will be used for comparison with experimental data. The main goal is to determine conditions of thermal comfort of occupants in a room with cooling ceiling and various heat gains. The paper also presents the influence of the room height on thermal comfort.
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