Revisiting Internal Pressure Dynamics in a Single Opening Enclosure Ventilated by Wind

This paper describes a re-analysis of internal pressure and building ventilation in a single-opening enclosure ventilated by winds. The dynamics of internal pressure is governed by a nonlinear oscillation equation. An alternative semi-nonlinear approach is proposed for obtaining the amplitude and phase shift of the periodic motion, the resonant frequency and resonant amplitude. Our new approach reproduced two of the commonly used existing linearization results.

Investigation of Ventilation Effectiveness for Wind-Driven Single-Sided Ventilated Buildings Located in an Urban Environment

This study employed large-eddy simulation (LES) to investigate wind-driven single-sided natural ventilation for an idealized building model located in an urban environment. Two ventilation cases, single-sided ventilation with an opening on the windward wall and with an opening on the leeward wall, were considered. The airflow rates through the single opening were calculated based on the mean flow fields and the transient flow fields, respectively.

The Influence of External Wind in Tunnels

A model tunnel (approximately ten hydraulic diameters) with different designs of the tunnel mouth has been placed in a wind tunnel and has been subjected to the effects of external wind by varying the wind direction at the mouth of the tunnel. In the experimental oriented study pressures have been measured and the airflow has been made visible with smoke and by the sand erosion method (semolina). The relation between the flow ratio and the direction of the wind has been explored.

Optimization of Occupancy Based Demand Controlled Ventilation in Residences

Although it has been used for many years in commercial buildings, the application of demand controlled ventilation in residences is limited. In this study we used occupant exposure to pollutants integrated over time (referred to as "dose") as the metric to evaluate the effectiveness and air quality implications of demand controlled ventilation in residences. We looked at air quality for two situations. The first is that typically used in ventilation standards: the exposure over a long term.

Ventilation Strategies in School Buildings for Optimization of Air Quality, Energy Consumption and Environmental Comfort in Mediterranean Climates

This study copes with the problem of ventilation in existing educational environments in terms of indoor air quality (AIQ), comfort and energy consumption. In accordance with international regulations, densely occupied environments such as school classrooms need high air change rates in order to provide sufficient fresh air. Nevertheless, in Italian schools, it is rare to see mechanical ventilation systems or natural systems that are mechanically controlled. This means that it is necessary for the users to control air changes by opening or closing the windows.

A Pilot Study on the Indoor Thermal Comfort of the "Wind-Rain" House

The ‘Wind-Rain’ House, was designed by the New Zealand architect, Nigel Cook. First built in New Zealand in 1985 its design concept for indoor thermal comfort is quite different from local conventional houses. This building has a courtyard with a glazed roof, which allows more direct sunlight to come into the building. The glazed roof can be partially opened or closed and is automatically controlled to provide natural ventilation for indoor thermal comfort. The glazed roof can also protect the courtyard space beneath against wind and rain.

Climate Responsive Traditional Architecture of Chettinadu Housing in Tamilnadu, India- A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis During Summer

Buildings represent the major energy consuming sector in India. Sustainable and climate responsive architecture offers possible solutions to this high energy demand. Vernacular buildings, in contrast to modern 20th century buildings, are more climate receptive to the environment and are based on principles evolved over many generations. The traditional architecture of housing in Chettinadu, Tamil Nadu, India is known for its use of natural and passive methods for a comfortable indoor environment. However, it has not been proved by a detailed and quantitative evaluation method so far.

Ventilated Active Façades to Reduce the Cooling Demand of Office Buildings - the Case of Spain

This paper analyses the energy efficiency of a Ventilated Active Façade (VAF) applied to office buildings in Spain in comparison with conventional façades that comply with the minimum energy requirements of the Spanish Technical Building Regulation (Código Técnico de la Edificación - CTE). The analysis considers the climatic diversity of the 12 climatic zones of Spain. The studied VAF consists of an outer layer element of 2 mm galvanized steel panels and a 3 cm air cavity through which the ventilation air is preheated in winter and exhausted in summer.

Ventilation in Self-Built Houses - A Study Through Wind Tunnel Measurements in Campinas, Brazil

Natural ventilation of buildings is a design strategy for the passive cooling of buildings that can be considerably efficient if properly undertaken. In Brazil, as in many other developing countries, spontaneous (self build) housing is often of poor quality. Also, each of these dwellings has a negative impact on the neighbouring ones and on the impact on the urban environment. In the city of Campinas, Brazil, with its hot-humid climate, adequate ventilation is essential for thermal comfort.

Observation of Environmental Control Behaviour in Elementary School Classrooms Equipped with Air-Conditioning Systems and Ceiling Fans for Cooling

This study conducted investigations aimed at clarifying the differences in environmental control behaviour, thermal/air environments and pupils' thermal sensations before and after installation of cooling systems. It also developed guidelines for operating the equipment. Measurements of temperatures and CO2 concentration, visual inspection of environmental control behaviour and questionnaires about thermal sensation were performed in classrooms of one elementary school in Tokyo.

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