IBPSA1993

The technical systems of buildings have become increasingly complex during the last years. This has led to new challenges both in developing tools for operation, monitoring, fault detection and optimal dynamic control of the systems. The mathematical theory of optimal systems offers a means of tackling these problems in a formal and efficient way. This paper presents a conseptual framework for applying simulation of optimal systems in building energy management and optimization.

The SPARK simulation environment is an object based simulation environment. Its objects are equations or systems of equations. Creating SPARK objects requires from the user to write SPARK syntax and C code. Hooking objects together requires from the user to specify their common variables. Then SPARK creates a C program that solves for the specified problem. The first task of creating SPARK objects and C code is automated by use of an interface written in MACSYMA or MAPLE, both well known computer algebra languages.

The paper reports on the NODES project as a spin-off implementation of the EC-funded COMBINE project. NODES targets efficient data exchange in a LAN-connected engineering design team, where each member of the team, representing a separate node, communicates building and performance data with other members through a central data repository. The central conceptual building model and its implementation in an ODB (Object Data Base) is discussed. The focus will be on the CAD-tool supported "design node" and two "simulation nodes", i.e.

The object oriented (00) approach to software engineering offers new possibilities for the modelling of plant systems within a building context. This paper describes the development of the EKS plant modelling classes which facilitates the automatic creation and maintenance of plant system simulation models.

The "CALIN" project (Computer Aided Learning Integration System) aims at the development of a hybrid computer aided learning (CAL) integrated system for Engineering Education applied to Energy conscious design of buildings. Different learning strategies relying on the cooperation of different, established computer science techniques have been developed simultaneously. These techniques are ranging from algorithmic simulation, to knowledge bases in an expert system shell, graphical components in a CAD program, hypermedia to present technical information and graphical user interface (GUI).

The design of buildings involve specialists from different disciplines, each performing tasks specific to their purpose, using data that describes the building in a particular way. This paper describes a prototype of an integrated building design system which incorporates design of the building, thermal analysis, daylight appraisal and artificial lighting design.

ALLAN. SIMULATIONINEPTUNIX is a software designed at the GAZ DE FRANCE Research and Development Division and developed with the aid of CISI Ingenierie. It is a general software for the description and simulation of dynamic systems. ALLAN. Simulation is a pre-and post-processor. It is not a simulation software, and simulation is due to the choice of a solver. It is used at GAZ DE FRANCE and in other companies to describe and manage models for the NEPTUNIX 2 simulation program. It may also be used with ASTEC 4.

After a short description of the physical phenomena involved, unified expressions are worked out describing net airflow and net heat flow through large vertical openings between stratified zones. These formulae are based on those of Cockroft for bidirectional flow, but are more general in the sense that they apply to situations of unidirectional flow as well. The expressions are compatible with a pressure network description for multizone modelling of airflow in buildings. The technique has been incorporated in the flows solver of the ESP-r building and plant energy simulation environment.

Building performance simulation is reviewed, with and emphasis on its role as a means to bring buildings into a better balance with the human and natural environments.

A solar wall is a complex part of the building envelope, as it acts as an energy collector, passing solar energy from the exterior surface into the building with a time delay and in the same time reducing thermal losses during periods with no sunshine. A module for simulating solar walls in a Danish building simulation program (tsbi3) has been developed to analyze the interaction between a solar wall and the building behind.