The problems associated with the measurement of ventilation rates and air movement patterns in large single cell buildings which were unoccupied and unheated were investigated using the tracer gases nitrous oxide and sulphur hexafluoride.
Describes a recent survey of a large ink manufacturing works in an effort to solve thermal comfort problems by improving the ventilation of specific areas of the plant. Six buildings were investigated. Illustrates them diagrammatically and explains the ventilation solutions recommended. Explains the base of the estimated construction and installation costs.
Describes an analytical model for the prediction of ventilation rates and internal temperatures as influenced by the combined effects of heat dissipation inside industrial buildings and natural wind action. Applies this to a two span low building equipped with a natural ventilation system. Results emphasize the relative importance of thermal and dynamic variables including wind incidence, terrain roughness, and the role of the opening in the internal partition wall.
Presents an analytical model for the prediction of ventilation rates, internal pressures and temperatures as influenced by the combined effects of heat dissipation inside industrial buildings and natural wind action. The model inputs are external pressure distribution, pressure drop coefficients of theopenings and thermal conductance of the walls and roof assumed to be knownfrom experimental data. A simple example is worked out. It consists of a two span long building, equipped with a natural ventilation system and divided into two internal spaces differently heated.
Discusses the advantages of reducing air infiltration in industrial buildings in terms of energy conservation. States that heat loss due to infiltration is often underestimated or ignored as it is difficult to measure. Concentrates ondoorways as a major source of infiltration, and shows that the type of door used needs to match the requirements of the entrance, such as type and size of vehicle passing etc. Decribes a range of doors suitable for different conditions.
Describes pressurization tests conducted by the National Testing Institute on 3 large industrial buildings. Sets out equipment and methods used including atracer gas method to calculate air flow through the fan rather than the usual measuring duct. Gives construction and volume details of buildings measured.
Describes several types of door closing or air containment devices for use in industrial buildings, including automatic doors, flexible doors and air curtains. Discusses various forms of air curtain and lists factors that need considering when installing one, such as geographical location, size of door, use of premises, tightness of building etc.
Shows the ventilation of electrowinning cell houses and electrorefineries as being a complex problem. Develops a systematic approach to define the important contaminant generation rates including heat, moisture and acid mist. Discusses fluid dynamic scale modelling as a powerful tool for solving a building's flow field and contaminant concentration field. Examines other associated problems, including wintertime fogging in the building and the high costs of make-up building heat. Presents the possibilities for reclaim of low-grade waste heat, and evaluates the economic impact.
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